AIM: How did the Mongols create a great land empire?

1. What is a Mongol?

2. Please explain this quote in your own words.

" Big domestic mammals ...revolutionized human society by becoming our main means of land transport until the development of railroads in the 19th century. Before animal domestication, the sole means of transporting goods and people by land was on the backs of humans. Large mammals changed that: for the first time in human history, it became possible to move heavy goods in large quantities, as well as people, rapidly overland for long distances...The most direct contribution of animal domestication to wars of conquest was from Eurasia's horses, whose military role made them the Jeeps and Sherman tanks of ancient warfare on that continent." (Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel, p.91)

Notes:
The Mongol Conquests


The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, conquer settled societies

across much of Asia.

SLIDE 11

Section 2: The Mongol Conquests

Nomads of the Asian Steppe

Geography of the Steppe

• Steppe—dry grassland of Eurasia—provides home for nomads

• Two main expanses: Central Asia to eastern Europe, and Mongolia

• Steppe has little rain, dramatic seasonal temperature differences

The Nomadic Way of Life

• Steppe nomads are pastoralists—herd domesticated animals

• Way of life teaches Asian nomads to be skilled horse riders

• Nomads travel in clans—kin groups linked by common ancestor

SLIDE 12

Continued Nomads of the Asian Steppe

Steppe Nomads and Settled Societies

4

• Nomads and people living in settled communities often interact

• Some interactions peaceful, as in trade

• Sometimes nomads raid towns and cities to seize wealth, goods

• Strong state or empire could protect its lands from these invasions

SLIDE 13

The Rise of the Mongols

Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols

• About 1200, Genghis Khan—“universal ruler”—unites Mongols

• In early 1200s, begins campaign of conquest

• By 1225, controls Central Asia

Genghis the Conqueror

• A brilliant organizer, strategist

• Uses brutality to terrorize enemies, force surrenders

Review for Final Exam. 1/21

AIM: How did the Mongols create a great land empire?

Do Now:


1. What is a Mongol?

2. Please explain this quote in your own words.

" Big domestic mammals ...revolutionized human society by becoming our main means of land transport until the development of railroads in the 19th century. Before animal domestication, the sole means of transporting goods and people by land was on the backs of humans. Large mammals changed that: for the first time in human history, it became possible to move heavy goods in large quantities, as well as people, rapidly overland for long distances...The most direct contribution of animal domestication to wars of conquest was from Eurasia's horses, whose military role made them the Jeeps and Sherman tanks of ancient warfare on that continent." (Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel, p.91)

Notes:
The Mongol Conquests


The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, conquer settled societies

across much of Asia.

SLIDE 11

Section 2: The Mongol Conquests

Nomads of the Asian Steppe

Geography of the Steppe

• Steppe—dry grassland of Eurasia—provides home for nomads

• Two main expanses: Central Asia to eastern Europe, and Mongolia

• Steppe has little rain, dramatic seasonal temperature differences

The Nomadic Way of Life

• Steppe nomads are pastoralists—herd domesticated animals

• Way of life teaches Asian nomads to be skilled horse riders

• Nomads travel in clans—kin groups linked by common ancestor

SLIDE 12

Continued Nomads of the Asian Steppe

Steppe Nomads and Settled Societies

4

• Nomads and people living in settled communities often interact

• Some interactions peaceful, as in trade

• Sometimes nomads raid towns and cities to seize wealth, goods

• Strong state or empire could protect its lands from these invasions

SLIDE 13

The Rise of the Mongols

Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols

• About 1200, Genghis Khan—“universal ruler”—unites Mongols

• In early 1200s, begins campaign of conquest

• By 1225, controls Central Asia

Genghis the Conqueror

• A brilliant organizer, strategist

• Uses brutality to terrorize enemies, force surrenders

Aim: How did the Byzantine Empire grow rich and powerful?

Do Now- Think of your own community. How have groups of people from different backgrounds contributed to its character? What would your town or city be like without these contributions from all the different groups?

Byzantine Empire in the Beginning

Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine

Greeks made up the largest group

Constantinople was the capitol located near major waterways (Black sea and Aegean sea)

Was influenced by the Romans



How did the Empire change?

Became more Greek

Became the richest and the most advanced empire



Emperor Justinian

Became emperor

Was a strong leader

Gave women rights because of his wife

Wanted to reunite Rome

Conquered most of Italy and northern Africa

Justinian’s Code – reformed the law code

People can easily understand the laws

Aim: What is a Golden Age?

Aim: What is a Golden Age?
Do Now


List some major achievements in the last 50 years.

What do these achievements say about our society?

What is a cultural achievement?



Gupta Empire

Formed after the Maurya Empire

Time of peace and prosperity

Was a “Golden Age”

Was a period of great achievement

Trading and farming flourished

Arts and learning took place

Advancements in mathematics

Devised the system of writing numbers that we use today

Decimal system was originated



Golden Age continued

Herbs were used to treat illnesses

Advancements in literature



Summary

In your own words describe what is a “Golden Age.”

What would you consider to be a great cultural achievement today? and why?

HW #17-3

Read pages 329-334
Answer questions on page 334 # 4-6.

Aim: How did the Maurya Empire change the world?

Aim: How did the Maurya Empire change the world?


Do-Now: What was the Eightfold Path? In your opinion can you give up all your material possessions? Explain Answer on Loose-Leaf

Maurya Empire

Chandragupta Maurya created the first Indian Empire

His rule was effective but harsh

Maintained well-organized bureaucracy

Used a secret police force to deal with corruption



Map of the Maurya Empire

ASOKA

Chandragupta’s grandson

Converted to Buddhism, rejected violence, and resolved to rule by moral example

Had a religious mission to spread Buddhism

He preached tolerance for other religions

ASOKA CONTINUED

He built hospitals and Buddhist shrines

He built roads and rest houses for travelers

He set up stone pillars across India offering moral advice



Leadership

List the characteristics of a good leader

In your opinion do you think Asoka was a good leader? Explain your answer.

India’s Golden Age

What is a “Golden Age?”

Time of learning, achievement, and prosperity

In your notebook, list the achievements of India’s Golden Age.

Pages 189-192.